Kentucky’s corn and soybean harvests are just around the corner and now is the time to fine-tune equipment to reduce mechanical delays, improve performance, assure a safe harvest and maintain grain quality.

Combines should be serviced and adjusted according to the owner’s manual prior to harvest and checked during harvest to reduce machine losses and assure minimum mechanical damage to corn kernels. Remember that two loose kernels per square foot left in the field after harvest are equal to one bushel per acre loss.

A few hours spent with combines, augers/conveyors, dryers and storage bins will usually have a considerable payback in the form of reduced elevator discounts when corn is delivered for sale. All combines, hauling vehicles, conveyors, drying equipment and storage bins should be thoroughly cleaned before the rush of harvest begins.

All equipment that will contact corn as it moves from the field to the storage bin should be thoroughly cleaned prior to harvest to minimize mold and insect infestations and protect the purity of individual corn varieties or seed lots. This is especially true when segregating identity-preserved or food grade crops to avoid possible mixing.

Ideal corn is disease and insect free at harvest, has high yield potential, high test weight, a sound disease resistance package, strong stalks to avoid lodging problems and rapid dry-down in the field after maturity. However, less than ideal conditions require more management skill to avoid potential problems after harvest.

Dryer maintenance will help producers get the most out of the dollars spent on gas and electricity, reduce equipment downtime and avoid over-drying grain. Clean out grain dryers, perform a routine maintenance check on sensors and controls, and test fire the unit prior to the beginning of harvest to assure efficient operation.

Thoroughly clean out all grain bins, especially any caked grain that will contaminate the new crop. Sweep down walls, ladders, ledges and floors inside grain bins to remove old grain and fine material where insects and mold spores can lie in wait to invade the incoming crop.

Use a wet/dry vacuum to completely remove dust and small grain particles from all bins, conveyors and other areas around the facility. After thoroughly cleaning bins, mow the vegetation around them to eliminate areas where rodents and insects like to live and multiply. Provide dust protection masks so workers will avoid potential breathing problems when cleaning bins and equipment.

After cleaning and mowing, spray a residual insecticide inside the bin to the point of runoff for additional protection from insects. Be sure to read pesticide labels carefully for any specific delays prior to filling the bin or other restrictions after application. It is always a good idea to fumigate the space under the false floor of grain bins to eradicate insect populations in that area.

Don’t confuse residual insecticides with fumigants, which have no carry-over effect. Keep in mind that fumigants are extremely toxic to humans and other warm-blooded animals and therefore are Restricted Use pesticides.

Treatment of grain soon after harvest often determines the storability of a crop. It can strongly influence its quality and value when delivered to the end-user, which may be several weeks, months or even years after harvest. Thus, it behooves you to keep equipment in good operating condition and to implement sound grain harvest, drying and storage practices to maintain the U.S. reputation of being a reliable supplier of good quality corn to the global market.

Successful post-harvest grain processing with on-farm facilities requires a thorough understanding of the factors that influence grain quality. On-farm drying and storage equipment can help producers and farm managers control elevator discounts and improve economic returns to their operation. The use of such facilities requires operators to maintain high grain quality from the field to the point of sale to capture the highest market price.



Help livestock beat the heat

Humans aren’t the only ones that suffer from the heat of summer. Farm animals are feeling the heat, too. There are ways to know when your livestock may be in danger from the heat and what to do to reduce their plight.

The University of Kentucky Agricultural Weather Center provides warnings of the potential danger to livestock. Livestock become uncomfortable when the heat index reaches about 90 degrees. The heat index is a combination of air temperature and humidity, and is used to describe how it feels outside.

The Agricultural Weather Center regularly monitors heat indices across the state and provides an index of its own – the Livestock Heat Stress Index – to help producers know when heat stress could create a problem for their animals. The county-by-county index indicates three levels of heat stress: no stress, danger stress and emergency stress.

Periods of heat stress call for livestock producers to be vigilant in making sure their animals are adequately prepared. One of the most important things producers can do is provide cool, clean drinking water. Providing an adequate source of drinking water helps to keep animals’ internal body temperatures within normal limits. Above-ground water lines need to be shaded so they do not act as solar water heaters and make the water too hot to drink.

It is also important for animals to have shade and for buildings to be as open as possible for adequate ventilation. Sprinkler systems that periodically spray a cool mist on the animals can also be beneficial.

It is best to avoid working animals during periods of heat stress. Producers should also avoid transporting livestock during high levels of heat stress. When livestock must be transported, haul fewer animals per load. Planning trips so the animals can be loaded immediately before leaving and unloaded quickly upon arrival can likewise help minimize the risk.

Producers who want to keep up-to-date with the livestock heat stress index can access the Agricultural Weather Center’s Web site http://wwwagwx.ca.uky.edu.



Thanks, Meghan

I want to close the article this week by thanking Meghan Edwards who served as my intern this summer. She completes her assignment Friday. Meghan was able to participate in many of our activities and got a brief look at what Extension is all about and the services we provide. She is a great worker and we appreciate her willingness to select Barren County as her place to serve the intern-ship. Meghan returns to UK to complete her BS work and graduation is just around the corner.

Again, THANKS Meghan and we wish you the best. We hope to hear about you be-coming an extension agent in the near future.